Python เบื้องต้น

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ดูพาทที่ติดตั้ง Python

>>> import os
>>> import sys
>>> os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
'C:\\Python39'

Package

list package

> python -m pip list
> conda list

อัพเดท pip (บน Windows ให้ Run as administrator)

> python -m pip install --upgrade pip

แต่ถ้าอัพเกรดแล้ว pip พัง แก้ไขโดย

py -m ensurepip --default-pip

Python script header

#!/usr/bin/python

Pythom main

if __name__ == '__main__':

Python Try Except

try:
    print(x)
except Exception as ex:
    print(ex)
import traceback
import logging

try:
    whatever()
except Exception as e:
    logging.error(traceback.format_exc())
    # Logs the error appropriately.

การคำนวณ

Arithmetic Operators

15/2  # หารปกติ, = 7.5  # Division
15%2  # mod,    = 1    # Modulus
15//2 # div,    = 7    # Floor division
2**3  # ยกกำลัง, = 8    # Exponentiation

Bitwise Operators

7 & 5 = 5   # AND
7 | 5 = 7   # OR
7 ^ 5 = 2   # XOR
~5    = -6  # NOT
1 << 5 = 32 # shift to left by 5 bits
32 >> 5 = 1 # shift to right by 5 bits

คำสั่ง print()

>>> print('Hello\nworld!')
Hello
world!
>>> print(f'Hello\nworld!')
Hello
world!
>>> print(b'Hello\nworld!')
b'Hello\nworld!'
>>> print(b'Hello\nworld!'.decode())
Hello
world!
name = "Jack"
print("Hello, {}.".format(name))
# Hello, Jack.
name = "Jack"
name2= "Tip"
print("Hello, {x}, {y}".format(x=name, y=name2))
# Hello, Jack, Tip

Data Types

Dictionary

d = {'key1': 100, 'key2': 200}
# {'key1': 100, 'key2': 200}

d['key1']
# 100
d.keys()
# dict_keys(['key1', 'key2'])

d.items()
# dict_items([('key1', 100), ('key2', 200)])

Tuple ใช้เก็บข้อมูลที่ไม่ต้องการเปลี่ยนค่า

t = (1,2,3) # tuple เป็น immutable เปลี่ยนค่าไม่ได้
print(t[0])
# 1

Set – A Set is an unordered collection data type that is iterable, mutable and has no duplicate elements.

s = {1,1,1,2,2,2,3,1,2,3}
print(s)
# {1, 2, 3}
li = [1,1,1,2,2,2,3,1,2,3]
print(li)
# [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
s = set(li)
print(s)
# {1, 2, 3}

If statements

a = 20
b = 20
if a > b:
  print("a is greater than b")
elif a == b:
  print("a and b are equal")
else:
  print("b is greater than a")

Short Hand If

a = 4
b = 3
if a > b: print("a is greater than b")
a = 4
b = 3
print("A") if a > b else print("B")
a = 330
b = 330
print("A") if a > b else print("=") if a == b else print("B")

For Loops

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
  print(x)
# apple
# banana
# cherry
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
  print(x)
  if x == "banana":
    break
# apple
# banana
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
  if x == "banana":
    continue
  print(x)
# apple
# cherry
for x in range(5):
  print(x)
# 0
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
for x in range(2, 10, 3):
  print(x)
# 2
# 5
# 8
for x in range(3):
  print(x)
else:
  print("Finally finished!")
# 0
# 1
# 2
# Finally finished!
for x in range(6):
  if x == 3: break
  print(x)
else:
  print("Finally finished!")
# 0
# 1
# 2
for x in [0, 1, 2]:
  pass
x = [1,2,3,4]
y = []
for num in x:
    y.append(num**2)
print(y)
# [1, 4, 9, 16]
x = [1,2,3,4]
y = [num**2 for num in x]
print(y)
# [1, 4, 9, 16]

while Loop

i = 1
while i < 5:
  print(i)
  i += 1
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
i = 1
while i < 6:
  print(i)
  if i == 3:
    break
  i += 1
# 1
# 2
# 3
i = 0
while i < 5:
  i += 1
  if i == 3:
    continue
  print(i)
# 1
# 2
# 4
# 5
i = 1
while i < 5:
  print(i)
  i += 1
else:
  print("i is no longer less than 5")
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 4
# i is no longer less than 5

Functions

def my_function():
  print("Hello from a function")

my_function()
# Hello from a function
def my_function(fname):
  print("Hello " + fname)

my_function("Foo")
my_function("Bar")
# Hello Foo
# Hello Bar
def my_function(fname="UNKNOWN"):
  print("Hello " + fname)

my_function()
# Hello UNKNOWN
def my_function(fname="UNKNOWN"):
    """This is my Docstring."""
    print("Hello " + fname)
def my_function(*kids):
    print(type(kids))
    for item in kids:
        print(item)
my_function("Foo", "Bar")
# <class 'tuple'>
# Foo
# Bar

Lambda

x = lambda a : a ** 2
y = x(5)
print(y)
# 25
x = lambda a, b : a * b
y = x(5, 6)
print(y)
# 30
def myfunc(n):
  return lambda a : a * n

mydoubler = myfunc(2)
mytripler = myfunc(3)

print(mydoubler(5))
print(mytripler(5))
# 10
# 15

Map

li = [1,2,3,4,5]
def time_two(var):
    return var*2
print(time_two(5))
print(time_two(li))
print(list(map(time_two, li)))
# 10
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(list(map(lambda var: var*2, li)))
# [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

Filter

li = [1,2,3,4,5]
def is_even(num):
    return num%2 == 0
print(is_even(2))
print(is_even(3))
print(list(filter(is_even,seq)))
# True
# False
# [2, 4]
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(list(filter(lambda num: num%2 == 0, seq)))
# [2, 4]

Useful Method

st = "I am Jack."
print(st.lower())
print(st.upper())
print(st.capitalize())
print(st.split())
# i am jack.
# I AM JACK.
# I am jack.
# ['I', 'am', 'Jack.']

time delay

import time
time.sleep(2.5)  # This delays for 2.5 seconds