read file
with open(ipfile, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: lines = f.readlines() print(f'{ipfile} = {len(lines)} line(s)')
write file
with open(opfile, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('readme\n')
read file
with open(ipfile, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: lines = f.readlines() print(f'{ipfile} = {len(lines)} line(s)')
write file
with open(opfile, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('readme\n')
ทดสอบบน Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS ใน WSL 2
ติดตั้ง gnupg
(น่าจะติดตั้งอยู่แล้ว)
sudo apt-get install gnupg
$ gpg --version gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.19 libgcrypt 1.8.5 Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Home: /home/jack/.gnupg Supported algorithms: Pubkey: RSA, ELG, DSA, ECDH, ECDSA, EDDSA Cipher: IDEA, 3DES, CAST5, BLOWFISH, AES, AES192, AES256, TWOFISH, CAMELLIA128, CAMELLIA192, CAMELLIA256 Hash: SHA1, RIPEMD160, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512, SHA224 Compression: Uncompressed, ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2
ติดตั้ง python-gnupg
pip install python-gnupg
import os import gnupg os.system('rm -rf /home/jack/gpghome') os.system('mkdir /home/jack/gpghome') gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') input_data = gpg.gen_key_input( key_length=4096, name_email='mr.phaisarn@gmail.com', passphrase='my passphrase') key = gpg.gen_key(input_data) print(key)
84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A
export ค่า public key และ private key ไว้ในไฟล์ mykeyfile.asc
import gnupg key='84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A' gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') ascii_armored_public_keys = gpg.export_keys(key,passphrase='my passphrase') ascii_armored_private_keys = gpg.export_keys(key, True, passphrase='my passphrase') with open('mykeyfile.asc', 'w') as f: f.write(ascii_armored_public_keys) f.write(ascii_armored_private_keys)
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- mQINBGNqDu4BEADY6n5U0Fs4YBhAejiPZu5hI5i3oYbscK5xQSSXvgkUwoQkmHKQ JVv+Chq4+jCguBSlmVXXMNnk45F7OhjuxpfrXDSxQPivwchXTh0117UEtTi5jE2s eZTP5fMSdHomdD4NgU9PfSUiSPNH/PGnSQ8AFstFdFff846ry+dPu3XJdbkkVtEP Cbv6idGCa2u/ZMukj2o2ZbvOXNVj1M5RFOpqJ6m52UQXA1W8S/Qr3g7gJ41jTWE3 oOP1oSfw5IbuO6yTrhOjwELTM2BexXwUAEtW59A8e+1JVh1xtbiTRxmnC+WHZ1T1 RQ9a7rFbFyqmboZ5RE8wUX7SsklzPyXtZhCnsFfBt3OVJNyD5hPoZ4qq7ihGeIIa OD2g2VDu+uHeJg4Vqd8YcafFruLs0WR0BAdliYHClhhGSTQ2mFK7jQDfAVZYuFhZ kKqd7WV7++e/oyLViWxDvhBN1XQ7Wbw5o1hkgeH6cyFg9nX/psVecXCriOJJUyVh AKeFypLgfUiXkNoNuiWIcyJer55wIzjV0oTcLmHLtedh4Bh0+qvI+EI2UnKW2Ih0 Xas9jE3nx97T5365MD7hDjjm7sqmbg3xbih2VXUC+WjPuaisqbGgM/3vO06VA2A4 jg3j1SUm0N4IN8LSFzmAtvoSc5kvHDzTgySCYwlC3YowjKPciMu24jfjXwARAQAB tClBdXRvZ2VuZXJhdGVkIEtleSA8bXIucGhhaXNhcm5AZ21haWwuY29tPokCTgQT AQoAOBYhBIRRHAMB4tUeWdeckbVDLob0uJJaBQJjag7uAhsvBQsJCAcCBhUKCQgL AgQWAgMBAh4BAheAAAoJELVDLob0uJJaL1AP+QEa1Uc1etOnSlz8V6IV5vcpPn0i 6T1cAAb0yfHELKScL4zC6oPq2AyWTTJUT9T/qiHtWi38bM90fkNfefpMdMHeh0TQ GsTBeAO5YdF+I5GERib2m1vKJjaPVOQWaW0GhGo9fhI8TBdK0b4138JvHpdVsqub /KbsoRXriXQxrYEy7bnl7Rsr2rYmRlFN5MGkxbVjmHYg1FJle6e6kCRD3sNs2juD a1HDqYk6/MF6D5LlQ/o7tI53zeRrSAoOvY+yEnmp9a6Pb2X8vw3IGEzP12uad84X sD2BhXLntie47svDqSbzOdPD0ON/W6M5DuCtWM9qwMrYHI8QyZqLG2sY7Mmz/2kQ 9R9+nU2O5I5sYWpkcW4olMEpe7jaiUNlq8tErIoOxDonc9tUrumoHOQvuxVodnSr f1zJ5ypbE+v2Cz8MHw5hoBwQWokxZ8qrTo1zP3XvDe9tM5LykFOo8O1RJ1YmCJ58 qaHpC5jIZ/b+2/YKClG3XUxqFVBHLl5YvdfEXnJzOqRHLmakd7HyOgUbMBV0FtYf E+ipdjfRPXsLh5cbF+HoVkScrcY+qmTSdN1m4c1ffLO419SAvhKgdC51VAd8UdoQ ZYjx3vD06ghHO8sNyvuUL9z0XmuJykNxC1eVVnxgV8gf16OVymwMxcu5RPMIDtGS 0H7kHgfl3AmPCLrW =m6l6 -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- -----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK----- lQdGBGNqDu4BEADY6n5U0Fs4YBhAejiPZu5hI5i3oYbscK5xQSSXvgkUwoQkmHKQ JVv+Chq4+jCguBSlmVXXMNnk45F7OhjuxpfrXDSxQPivwchXTh0117UEtTi5jE2s eZTP5fMSdHomdD4NgU9PfSUiSPNH/PGnSQ8AFstFdFff846ry+dPu3XJdbkkVtEP Cbv6idGCa2u/ZMukj2o2ZbvOXNVj1M5RFOpqJ6m52UQXA1W8S/Qr3g7gJ41jTWE3 oOP1oSfw5IbuO6yTrhOjwELTM2BexXwUAEtW59A8e+1JVh1xtbiTRxmnC+WHZ1T1 RQ9a7rFbFyqmboZ5RE8wUX7SsklzPyXtZhCnsFfBt3OVJNyD5hPoZ4qq7ihGeIIa OD2g2VDu+uHeJg4Vqd8YcafFruLs0WR0BAdliYHClhhGSTQ2mFK7jQDfAVZYuFhZ kKqd7WV7++e/oyLViWxDvhBN1XQ7Wbw5o1hkgeH6cyFg9nX/psVecXCriOJJUyVh AKeFypLgfUiXkNoNuiWIcyJer55wIzjV0oTcLmHLtedh4Bh0+qvI+EI2UnKW2Ih0 Xas9jE3nx97T5365MD7hDjjm7sqmbg3xbih2VXUC+WjPuaisqbGgM/3vO06VA2A4 jg3j1SUm0N4IN8LSFzmAtvoSc5kvHDzTgySCYwlC3YowjKPciMu24jfjXwARAQAB /gcDAs61feICjXD8/yeH2ZcfHmGkulIuUe7dTyuaEfIb++J30dEPhRQ+kFPyxS49 scXaIgSdScixZR0LVV+mJdP02za0z55EoGPb8R0o+rrYhQnFztnwQOZ1a3Cc4s8b j69ycOfbDrUKaQJDTIEK9NaMSepqNeK5e0BUxBikCrJM7srVMGmtdkW7nlLhn1Ft vJvnmdeOYzqL5o4nczFtnTsZEHVVcFNeo8+8fKcn9rnOosFJsu066GXTNlOEE+gL phNekcs6jg72WpKD4BQPniG3fWjv+xCHESA/hCtzZMP2Q+PBe8Csa8zIFAkEVl9i bqXlUw5crHr3xZKP9Ry2dCCggPlkT8dTUhqfi9dtqlbxAqY5UvaD0t1d0iPWWuVz cO/psvopKN7Ej60q9OairCl6VXZZDSq2Yg6iWdi+cNmc41u7jcKYn3eVXlET8vIC rYo1RPINDVfxziBEGPx1rTDb1evHA/poL9rc9CdjlHbtdGtgJM1W0j04m4LYQWJY 2M03Wj3ErBTsMm0nwnHH6+ShvHLfokciucgLKNqQI7khErCPwN6ywRqsiOAfaCrc 2e06NdiWk6IOdnyvFOqJ0YsbehyypkoX6xhe7ks2OlpQ9cmN/oIba6RHiRsKh9as hY0nE5WQpRqIhWRf6Jv3iAN7CllPpJhN318qxtjUKXif7ZKYelmUrRVMptKI042q y0quexc3wm3osKPB1n1U2M4Lhp/OuBssYuQ8hnFFIEh1FJ020APSqAm4gT1cFsJS iDW5Ajps37G3zW4U+zcmom2MXkqKf5gocWo+hegkDWtrdsvFZNsFU/vVM3ON72Rg u2DWpAiZjNwYwvYHJbl8noXVYb44MMGkhpzOFrUGB11ZBhpTpCx12HVjYhi4ZOEz 5j19ct+2d/yPqnWtQTT5uTyH6ta7r2klR87DasmXoxLO9Bd9ZmdYyAWXmfLzIrOq 6OsAWNQUTDrcTggyo2cDsV9WbGBarDibZhpvEdVCrRssLBWDdfc/9NMYz1Ox2Aqw eTiQbkwjzS+C3ELmfk2xFXaGJ9F4xZTTvqZyXyrA2Mlk8/NhuhQupHjiG7QO37vu MnK6KR/im8GCPrGclx5Tged1OHPGQqYXZYPdpjwKcw0dng7n1vYfXIcj8kDTxCHa WoVJZ12jfd0Ci4LGxyNpMgMMDSjiTXMnhoQEzPZjRIlLt3TGOCWIke258xusBzHp cGz3F1FG3zP+IAku1xHMtLEdhAvL4S35udRPW8f2RV5ViBqZohKW4u4NhOpsL2AF yB1MJrOs3CCJ9YNo61RXXgcC3UCgmBI5Za/J+aG9V3hI64oEa1ZrAwcjZ6bpxQ82 wTQkWawNDchmJ5G5gvk2Z7ppF64ea89Oqo5uyElfjt1GFehxDJuhPlrItyCwtia/ DIlNENxTpCMXs05IHPLJBLiHnvZJ9ylc+bTyHai0T4mZGGq/ayw5IkowONTLNp4J wnG20zvuQ/80H85kSZVK+8tuMOGPWsN8iGIXnuVF7J1LRlh+j/w0gxziwVCwJaUz b/lGHTfXILXP69rqdAMGj9wxVchJIajGVCO9ckN+64Evc92q1te4nHIByH2+/3cT ZuDTq18bIudtWzMArOW9Mtmo7MGsysNp6kF5foogfOJuAU8V/fNeAvzIPNHPM0Hy KFLQu+hu9eR5zBQ8/zTeg+NB/2jrfFRPc4vuprs6qHX1LtOsCjQ6DEu6rx+m5XJX j1FJZL3HYBnkODVZg+2zAPYj1uuG9iXa63bPT/sYZls40Tc3KF0Hrou0KUF1dG9n ZW5lcmF0ZWQgS2V5IDxtci5waGFpc2FybkBnbWFpbC5jb20+iQJOBBMBCgA4FiEE hFEcAwHi1R5Z15yRtUMuhvS4kloFAmNqDu4CGy8FCwkIBwIGFQoJCAsCBBYCAwEC HgECF4AACgkQtUMuhvS4klovUA/5ARrVRzV606dKXPxXohXm9yk+fSLpPVwABvTJ 8cQspJwvjMLqg+rYDJZNMlRP1P+qIe1aLfxsz3R+Q195+kx0wd6HRNAaxMF4A7lh 0X4jkYRGJvabW8omNo9U5BZpbQaEaj1+EjxMF0rRvjXfwm8el1Wyq5v8puyhFeuJ dDGtgTLtueXtGyvatiZGUU3kwaTFtWOYdiDUUmV7p7qQJEPew2zaO4NrUcOpiTr8 wXoPkuVD+ju0jnfN5GtICg69j7ISean1ro9vZfy/DcgYTM/Xa5p3zhewPYGFcue2 J7juy8OpJvM508PQ439bozkO4K1Yz2rAytgcjxDJmosbaxjsybP/aRD1H36dTY7k jmxhamRxbiiUwSl7uNqJQ2Wry0Ssig7EOidz21Su6agc5C+7FWh2dKt/XMnnKlsT 6/YLPwwfDmGgHBBaiTFnyqtOjXM/de8N720zkvKQU6jw7VEnViYInnypoekLmMhn 9v7b9goKUbddTGoVUEcuXli918RecnM6pEcuZqR3sfI6BRswFXQW1h8T6Kl2N9E9 ewuHlxsX4ehWRJytxj6qZNJ03WbhzV98s7jX1IC+EqB0LnVUB3xR2hBliPHe8PTq CEc7yw3K+5Qv3PRea4nKQ3ELV5VWfGBXyB/Xo5XKbAzFy7lE8wgO0ZLQfuQeB+Xc CY8IutY= =6b0l -----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
import gnupg from pprint import pprint gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') key_data = open('mykeyfile.asc').read() import_result = gpg.import_keys(key_data) pprint(import_result.results)
[{'fingerprint': '84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', 'ok': '0', 'text': 'Not actually changed\n'}, {'fingerprint': '84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', 'ok': '0', 'text': 'Not actually changed\n'}, {'fingerprint': '84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', 'ok': '16', 'text': 'Not actually changed\nContains private key\n'}]
import gnupg from pprint import pprint gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') public_keys = gpg.list_keys() private_keys = gpg.list_keys(True) print('public keys:') pprint(public_keys) print('private keys:') pprint(private_keys)
public keys: [{'algo': '1', 'cap': 'escaESCA', 'compliance': '23', 'curve': '', 'date': '1667895022', 'dummy': '', 'expires': '', 'fingerprint': '84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', 'flag': '', 'hash': '', 'issuer': '', 'keygrip': 'AADC0ABF3CA1285034094D0381E0142B513D5514', 'keyid': 'B5432E86F4B8925A', 'length': '4096', 'origin': '0', 'ownertrust': 'u', 'sig': '', 'sigs': [], 'subkeys': [], 'token': '', 'trust': 'u', 'type': 'pub', 'uids': ['Autogenerated Key <mr.phaisarn@gmail.com>'], 'updated': ''}] private keys: [{'algo': '1', 'cap': 'escaESCA', 'compliance': '23', 'curve': '', 'date': '1667895022', 'dummy': '', 'expires': '', 'fingerprint': '84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', 'flag': '', 'hash': '', 'issuer': '', 'keygrip': 'AADC0ABF3CA1285034094D0381E0142B513D5514', 'keyid': 'B5432E86F4B8925A', 'length': '4096', 'origin': '0', 'ownertrust': 'u', 'sig': '', 'sigs': [], 'subkeys': [], 'token': '+', 'trust': 'u', 'type': 'sec', 'uids': ['Autogenerated Key <mr.phaisarn@gmail.com>'], 'updated': ''}]
import gnupg gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') unencrypted_string = 'Who are you? How did you get in my house?' encrypted_data = gpg.encrypt(unencrypted_string, 'mr.phaisarn@gmail.com') encrypted_string = str(encrypted_data) print('ok: ', encrypted_data.ok) print('status: ', encrypted_data.status) print('stderr: ', encrypted_data.stderr) print('unencrypted_string: ', unencrypted_string) print('encrypted_string: ', encrypted_string)
ok: True status: encryption ok stderr: gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on homedir '/home/jack/gpghome' [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 2 [GNUPG:] ENCRYPTION_COMPLIANCE_MODE 23 [GNUPG:] BEGIN_ENCRYPTION 2 9 [GNUPG:] END_ENCRYPTION unencrypted_string: Who are you? How did you get in my house? encrypted_string: -----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE----- hQIMA7VDLob0uJJaAQ//czHG42eeN1rtFTo6qdvoHSa/B3uJNeFSobUi4gUCxceh yVbZ0La8pnLMy2JmA2agYaOvC6OhAXfNOhPXV5jinMTvwGB+dKC1qaAYXMknQjyF 5whvmQeBbuQX8AoKxs7hAYmlQO8mrHDBoP2xSdY/AgLeqdlnbZNcDR+NIpoPJS8a zr+KHYAhEyZT0Bm6FAw7DvhriB4nJRLeMLoIQKIJTN3ZeEdlcZAt5xYL24dZfz8/ 4Qpn++ItqsCQfXJ1leJIIE/oB4E83/J4FZuS1xh7n9OomBT2fRG8hmGlSzFYepX/ jDzjApmA/R4HGd6BuJZdNy6SV2DERs2NlTRko98IDFdCIg2Jp7jsSGSZowsKD7z5 rIU110iwR6hRropsuX18jlRk6QM1Um+dSGbHXTUk1OzUDE5uC3hBZsB0s9M2q5DS HN+EbyatT9hB9X5Obf7w9Vj+Jta9q5voL/riZ2d+GFr8oR0d594An7Dup12zBff/ kdV7DgibAqorCD1MvVePOpvYw2NdhukRluOsVtXySkcAGy8VssBLoW3kqilOvrhq pCJUG157TnhKnYW0l4BJ7KVoNFwBGsJKzS0Drh5Iq6LmiqHsKv7neK9LkApDeehD EhdNoGN79fPvEYmync2bbGbVq6F7czHADwVKqNv0aDxaCrFHASsSXkGNbqMQ+tnS YgFfzEOmYoDR7UjEog/OrBJAnPSgDcwn3I0xuU3RtDaEvlHCt6aX+NHEyIUvsIe+ Don8uUXi4VkjO2uoCOyNgwndoigDuouh8NDv5DIWcKt+KMGPkgKEmfbOxJNA0Rl5 TK5E =Jyon -----END PGP MESSAGE-----
import gnupg gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') unencrypted_string = 'Who are you? How did you get in my house?' encrypted_data = gpg.encrypt(unencrypted_string, 'mr.phaisarn@gmail.com') encrypted_string = str(encrypted_data) decrypted_data = gpg.decrypt(encrypted_string, passphrase='my passphrase') print('ok: ', decrypted_data.ok) print('status: ', decrypted_data.status) print('stderr: ', decrypted_data.stderr) print('decrypted string: ', decrypted_data.data)
ok: True status: decryption ok stderr: gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on homedir '/home/jack/gpghome' [GNUPG:] ENC_TO B5432E86F4B8925A 1 0 [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_KEY 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A u [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID B5432E86F4B8925A, created 2022-11-08 "Autogenerated Key <mr.phaisarn@gmail.com>" [GNUPG:] BEGIN_DECRYPTION [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_COMPLIANCE_MODE 23 [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_INFO 2 9 [GNUPG:] PLAINTEXT 62 1667895570 [GNUPG:] PLAINTEXT_LENGTH 41 [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_OKAY [GNUPG:] GOODMDC [GNUPG:] END_DECRYPTION decrypted string: b'Who are you? How did you get in my house?'
import gnupg gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') open('my-unencrypted.txt', 'w').write('You need to Google Venn diagram.') with open('my-unencrypted.txt', 'rb') as f: status = gpg.encrypt_file( f, recipients=['mr.phaisarn@gmail.com'], output='my-encrypted.txt.gpg') print('ok: ', status.ok) print('status: ', status.status) print('stderr: ', status.stderr)
ok: True status: encryption ok stderr: gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on homedir '/home/jack/gpghome' [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 2 [GNUPG:] ENCRYPTION_COMPLIANCE_MODE 23 [GNUPG:] BEGIN_ENCRYPTION 2 9 [GNUPG:] END_ENCRYPTION
-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE----- hQIMA7VDLob0uJJaARAAhwNuaLm5/eSCV81Uw+H2E536AzzXm/yPxM0CIjLjYxnE +GwgvBxJsYtuuwCElUfYkIKYNzAWOGGRje961Be3+g5kjFfphvl4I1Xzwb5RKdWa i9raKNQ1/PLQ6Hr8Fc3yh08QcgLkihyRgVKZ3suTX+KRzWd3/SS8rjS27nigQk8C IoIuwJIsBYpB8xbBDM+Sfo2XJm938Z7n9ZfdDiuO0hEWBo5qF85Vh0jY91BVyPqD yGYcsivK/OqRG/VrPTrp01+2+jBn5HPZoPCnjEZdyJ3p+k/bnvAymKpKmPfEHrt3 4FwJ0EIfFROx6u2xBWhoRAhl5vLjIgRqccwEHD9+HrT3aFyeQhOKcQoV0TXy5Y0w rYLRBny2oolCGW1NqZi43pjamQXXVpJLDjOsn8pzhdbFiSxUrFZj2WXET7ItQaVd fQQnPxpOpj7LOOncLdZ0qfGMYjNNXGoKlaPfdtJy1yQlz8mUUdZZAjAdCpKpnfca YxuFmzMy2gGBKsYYrLB2FH6HasRbjb5uQ1qO72vybuPWCBNkX5jgWHGLddNagxR7 9EwMnvu958Oy3TiFfrr7YKWPIOQXaLx8WsgXCCl2rFJKG4Hy81ZM5k7DDQzzQFGd w+a5FWo/cthXm6qx2LSE2ByFyAerqwe/T/wkAYmrQLIJdxZIWxp5xsuPBS6W6oLS WwEiSHXqJPjqKHKnZwS0W9kWq/68voNf03QlEkN0+Hm3PRmEFIJnpw19BtfQEoY3 Rv/XCQXE2G6NVMajvFj72fvFzTUUyVRa8m//nu2wg9vG5JMjJbThA8L8+5E= =WZm8 -----END PGP MESSAGE-----
ถ้า import public key แล้วนำมาใช้ encrypt จะได้ error invalid recipient
ok: False status: invalid recipient stderr: gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on homedir `/home/jack/gpghome' gpg: EAECD251: There is no assurance this key belongs to the named user [GNUPG:] INV_RECP 10 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A gpg: [stdin]: encryption failed: Unusable public key
ให้เพิ่ม gpg.trust_keys()
import gnupg gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') gpg.trust_keys('84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', 'TRUST_ULTIMATE') open('my-unencrypted.txt', 'w').write('You need to Google Venn diagram.') with open('my-unencrypted.txt', 'rb') as f: status = gpg.encrypt_file( f, recipients='84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A', output='encrypted.txt.gpg') print('ok: ', status.ok) print('status: ', status.status) print('stderr: ', status.stderr)
import gnupg gpg = gnupg.GPG(gnupghome='/home/jack/gpghome') with open('my-encrypted.txt.gpg', 'rb') as f: status = gpg.decrypt_file(f, passphrase='my passphrase', output='my-decrypted.txt') print('ok: ', status.ok) print('status: ', status.status) print('stderr: ', status.stderr)
ok: True status: decryption ok stderr: gpg: WARNING: unsafe permissions on homedir '/home/jack/gpghome' [GNUPG:] ENC_TO B5432E86F4B8925A 1 0 [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_KEY 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A u [GNUPG:] KEY_CONSIDERED 84511C0301E2D51E59D79C91B5432E86F4B8925A 0 gpg: encrypted with 4096-bit RSA key, ID B5432E86F4B8925A, created 2022-11-08 "Autogenerated Key <mr.phaisarn@gmail.com>" [GNUPG:] BEGIN_DECRYPTION [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_COMPLIANCE_MODE 23 [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_INFO 2 9 [GNUPG:] PLAINTEXT 62 1667895671 [GNUPG:] PLAINTEXT_LENGTH 32 [GNUPG:] DECRYPTION_OKAY [GNUPG:] GOODMDC [GNUPG:] END_DECRYPTION
The apt command is a powerful command-line tool, which works with Ubuntu’s Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) performing such functions as installation of new software packages, upgrade of existing software packages, updating of the package list index, and even upgrading the entire Ubuntu system.
Some examples of popular uses for the apt utility:
Install a Package: Installation of packages using the apt tool is quite simple. For example, to install the nmap network scanner, type the following:
sudo apt install nmap
Remove a Package: Removal of a package (or packages) is also straightforward. To remove the package installed in the previous example, type the following:
sudo apt remove nmap
auto remove package
sudo apt autoremove
Optimizes the layout of Delta Lake data. Optionally optimize a subset of data or colocate data by column. If you do not specify colocation, bin-packing optimization is performed.
OPTIMIZE table_name [WHERE predicate] [ZORDER BY (col_name1 [, ...] ) ]
WHERE
– Optimize the subset of rows matching the given partition predicate. Only filters involving partition key attributes are supported.ZORDER BY
– Colocate column information in the same set of files. Co-locality is used by Delta Lake data-skipping algorithms to dramatically reduce the amount of data that needs to be read. You can specify multiple columns for ZORDER BY
as a comma-separated list. However, the effectiveness of the locality drops with each additional column.OPTIMIZE delta.`/data/events` OPTIMIZE events OPTIMIZE events WHERE date >= '2022-11-18' OPTIMIZE events WHERE date >= current_timestamp() - INTERVAL 1 day ZORDER BY (eventType)
VACUUM table_name [RETAIN num HOURS] [DRY RUN]
แสดงรายชื่อไฟล์ที่จะถูกลบ
VACUUM table_name RETAIN 720 HOURS DRY RUN
ทำการลบไฟล์
VACUUM table_name RETAIN 720 HOURS
1 day | 24 HOURS |
1 week | 168 HOURS |
2 week | 336 HOURS |
30 days | 720 HOURS |
To time travel to a previous version, you must retain both the log and the data files for that version.
The data files backing a Delta table are never deleted automatically; data files are deleted only when you run VACUUM. VACUUM
does not delete Delta log files; log files are automatically cleaned up after checkpoints are written.
By default you can time travel to a Delta table up to 30 days old unless you have:
VACUUM
on your Delta table.delta.logRetentionDuration = "interval <interval>"
: controls how long the history for a table is kept. The default is interval 30 days
.Each time a checkpoint is written, Databricks automatically cleans up log entries older than the retention interval. If you set this config to a large enough value, many log entries are retained. This should not impact performance as operations against the log are constant time. Operations on history are parallel but will become more expensive as the log size increases.delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration = "interval <interval>"
: controls how long ago a file must have been deleted before being a candidate for VACUUM
. The default is interval 7 days
.To access 30 days of historical data even if you run VACUUM
on the Delta table, set delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration = "interval 30 days"
. This setting may cause your storage costs to go up.ถ้ารัน VACUUM
เลย data files ที่เกิน 7 วันจะถูกลบ
ถ้าจะเก็บ data files ให้มากกว่า 7 วัน โดยไม่ต้องมาคอยกำหนดค่า RETAIN num HOURS
ให้ไป SET delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration
ก่อน แล้วค่อยรัน VACUUM
ALTER TABLE table_name { RENAME TO clause | ADD COLUMN clause | ALTER COLUMN clause | DROP COLUMN clause | RENAME COLUMN clause | ADD CONSTRAINT clause | DROP CONSTRAINT clause | ADD PARTITION clause | DROP PARTITION clause | RENAME PARTITION clause | RECOVER PARTITIONS clause | SET TBLPROPERTIES clause | UNSET TBLPROPERTIES clause | SET SERDE clause | SET LOCATION clause | SET OWNER TO clause }
Example
ALTER TABLE dbx.tab1 SET TBLPROPERTIES ('delta.logRetentionDuration' = 'interval 30 days'); ALTER TABLE dbx.tab1 SET TBLPROPERTIES ('delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration' = 'interval 30 days'); ALTER TABLE dbx.tab1 UNSET TBLPROPERTIES ('delta.deletedFileRetentionDuration');
Install
pip install joblib
การหา square root ด้วย Python
from math import sqrt li = [sqrt(i ** 2) for i in range(10)] print(li) # [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0]
ใช้ joblib
from math import sqrt from joblib import Parallel, delayed li = Parallel(n_jobs=2)(delayed(sqrt)(i**2) for i in range(10)) print(li) # [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0]
verbose: int, optional
The verbosity level: if non zero, progress messages are printed. Above 50, the output is sent to stdout. The frequency of the messages increases with the verbosity level. If it more than 10, all iterations are reported.
%python from math import sqrt from joblib import Parallel, delayed li = Parallel(n_jobs=2, verbose=100)(delayed(sqrt)(i**2) for i in range(10)) print(li) # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Using backend LokyBackend with 2 concurrent workers. # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 1 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 2 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 3 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 4 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 5 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 6 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 7 tasks | elapsed: 0.5s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 8 out of 10 | elapsed: 0.5s remaining: 0.1s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 10 out of 10 | elapsed: 0.5s remaining: 0.0s # [Parallel(n_jobs=2)]: Done 10 out of 10 | elapsed: 0.5s finished # [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0]
default backend
เป็น loky
เราสามารถเปลี่ยนเป็น threading
, multiprocessing
ได้
from math import sqrt from joblib import Parallel, delayed li = Parallel(n_jobs=2, verbose=100, backend='threading')(delayed(sqrt)(i**2) for i in range(10)) print(li)