BigQuery – Rotates columns into rows

FROM from_item[, ...] unpivot_operator

unpivot_operator:
    UNPIVOT [ { INCLUDE NULLS | EXCLUDE NULLS } ] (
        { single_column_unpivot | multi_column_unpivot }
    ) [unpivot_alias]

single_column_unpivot:
    values_column
    FOR name_column
    IN (columns_to_unpivot)

multi_column_unpivot:
    values_column_set
    FOR name_column
    IN (column_sets_to_unpivot)

values_column_set:
    (values_column[, ...])

columns_to_unpivot:
    unpivot_column [row_value_alias][, ...]

column_sets_to_unpivot:
    (unpivot_column [row_value_alias][, ...])

unpivot_alias and row_value_alias:
    [AS] alias

The UNPIVOT operator rotates columns into rows. UNPIVOT is part of the FROM clause.

UNPIVOT can be used to modify any table expression.
Combining UNPIVOT with FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF is not allowed, although users may use UNPIVOT against a subquery input which itself uses FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF.
A WITH OFFSET clause immediately preceding the UNPIVOT operator is not allowed.
PIVOT aggregations cannot be reversed with UNPIVOT.

WITH Produce AS (
  SELECT 'Kale' as product, 51 as Q1, 23 as Q2, 45 as Q3, 3 as Q4 UNION ALL
  SELECT 'Apple', 77, 0, 25, 2)
SELECT * FROM Produce

+---------+----+----+----+----+
| product | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
+---------+----+----+----+----+
| Kale    | 51 | 23 | 45 | 3  |
| Apple   | 77 | 0  | 25 | 2  |
+---------+----+----+----+----+

SELECT * FROM Produce
UNPIVOT(sales FOR quarter IN (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4))

+---------+-------+---------+
| product | sales | quarter |
+---------+-------+---------+
| Kale    | 51    | Q1      |
| Kale    | 23    | Q2      |
| Kale    | 45    | Q3      |
| Kale    | 3     | Q4      |
| Apple   | 77    | Q1      |
| Apple   | 0     | Q2      |
| Apple   | 25    | Q3      |
| Apple   | 2     | Q4      |
+---------+-------+---------+