NAME lsb_release – print distribution-specific information
SYNOPSIS lsb_release [options]
DESCRIPTION The lsb_release command provides certain LSB (Linux Standard Base) and distribution- specific information. If no options are given, the -v option is assumed.
~$ lsb_release -d
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal
$ lsb_release -h
Usage: lsb_release [options]
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version show LSB modules this system supports
-i, --id show distributor ID
-d, --description show description of this distribution
-r, --release show release number of this distribution
-c, --codename show code name of this distribution
-a, --all show all of the above information
-s, --short show requested information in short format
CentOS 7
$ lsb_release
bash: lsb_release: command not found...
$ uptime --help
Usage:
uptime [options]
Options:
-p, --pretty show uptime in pretty format
-h, --help display this help and exit
-s, --since system up since
-V, --version output version information and exit
For more details see uptime(1).
$ neofetch --help
Usage: neofetch func_name --option "value" --option "value"
Neofetch is a CLI system information tool written in BASH. Neofetch
displays information about your system next to an image, your OS logo,
or any ASCII file of your choice.
NOTE: Every launch flag has a config option.
Options:
INFO:
func_name Specify a function name (second part of info() from config) to
quickly display only that function's information.
Example: neofetch uptime --uptime_shorthand tiny
Example: neofetch uptime disk wm memory
This can be used in bars and scripts like so:
memory="$(neofetch memory)"; memory="${memory##*: }"
For multiple outputs at once (each line of info in an array):
IFS=$'\n' read -d "" -ra info < <(neofetch memory uptime wm)
info=("${info[@]##*: }")
--disable infoname Allows you to disable an info line from appearing
in the output. 'infoname' is the function name from the
'print_info()' function inside the config file.
For example: 'info "Memory" memory' would be '--disable memory'
NOTE: You can supply multiple args. eg. 'neofetch --disable cpu gpu'
--title_fqdn on/off Hide/Show Fully Qualified Domain Name in title.
--package_managers on/off Hide/Show Package Manager names . (on, tiny, off)
--os_arch on/off Hide/Show OS architecture.
--speed_type type Change the type of cpu speed to display.
Possible values: current, min, max, bios,
scaling_current, scaling_min, scaling_max
NOTE: This only supports Linux with cpufreq.
--speed_shorthand on/off Whether or not to show decimals in CPU speed.
NOTE: This flag is not supported in systems with CPU speed less than
1 GHz.
--cpu_brand on/off Enable/Disable CPU brand in output.
--cpu_cores type Whether or not to display the number of CPU cores
Possible values: logical, physical, off
NOTE: 'physical' doesn't work on BSD.
--cpu_speed on/off Hide/Show cpu speed.
--cpu_temp C/F/off Hide/Show cpu temperature.
NOTE: This only works on Linux and BSD.
NOTE: For FreeBSD and NetBSD-based systems, you need to enable
coretemp kernel module. This only supports newer Intel processors.
--distro_shorthand on/off Shorten the output of distro (on, tiny, off)
NOTE: This option won't work in Windows (Cygwin)
--kernel_shorthand on/off Shorten the output of kernel
NOTE: This option won't work in BSDs (except PacBSD and PC-BSD)
--uptime_shorthand on/off Shorten the output of uptime (on, tiny, off)
--refresh_rate on/off Whether to display the refresh rate of each monitor
Unsupported on Windows
--gpu_brand on/off Enable/Disable GPU brand in output. (AMD/NVIDIA/Intel)
--gpu_type type Which GPU to display. (all, dedicated, integrated)
NOTE: This only supports Linux.
--de_version on/off Show/Hide Desktop Environment version
--gtk_shorthand on/off Shorten output of gtk theme/icons
--gtk2 on/off Enable/Disable gtk2 theme/font/icons output
--gtk3 on/off Enable/Disable gtk3 theme/font/icons output
--shell_path on/off Enable/Disable showing $SHELL path
--shell_version on/off Enable/Disable showing $SHELL version
--disk_show value Which disks to display.
Possible values: '/', '/dev/sdXX', '/path/to/mount point'
NOTE: Multiple values can be given. (--disk_show '/' '/dev/sdc1')
--disk_subtitle type What information to append to the Disk subtitle.
Takes: name, mount, dir, none
'name' shows the disk's name (sda1, sda2, etc)
'mount' shows the disk's mount point (/, /mnt/Local Disk, etc)
'dir' shows the basename of the disks's path. (/, Local Disk, etc)
'none' shows only 'Disk' or the configured title.
--disk_percent on/off Hide/Show disk percent.
--ip_host url URL to query for public IP
--ip_timeout int Public IP timeout (in seconds).
--song_format format Print the song data in a specific format (see config file).
--song_shorthand on/off Print the Artist/Album/Title on separate lines.
--memory_percent on/off Display memory percentage.
--music_player player-name Manually specify a player to use.
Available values are listed in the config file
TEXT FORMATTING:
--colors x x x x x x Changes the text colors in this order:
title, @, underline, subtitle, colon, info
--underline on/off Enable/Disable the underline.
--underline_char char Character to use when underlining title
--bold on/off Enable/Disable bold text
--separator string Changes the default ':' separator to the specified string.
COLOR BLOCKS:
--color_blocks on/off Enable/Disable the color blocks
--col_offset auto/num Left-padding of color blocks
--block_width num Width of color blocks in spaces
--block_height num Height of color blocks in lines
--block_range num num Range of colors to print as blocks
BARS:
--bar_char 'elapsed char' 'total char'
Characters to use when drawing bars.
--bar_border on/off Whether or not to surround the bar with '[]'
--bar_length num Length in spaces to make the bars.
--bar_colors num num Colors to make the bar.
Set in this order: elapsed, total
--cpu_display mode Bar mode.
Possible values: bar, infobar, barinfo, off
--memory_display mode Bar mode.
Possible values: bar, infobar, barinfo, off
--battery_display mode Bar mode.
Possible values: bar, infobar, barinfo, off
--disk_display mode Bar mode.
Possible values: bar, infobar, barinfo, off
IMAGE BACKEND:
--backend backend Which image backend to use.
Possible values: 'ascii', 'caca', 'chafa', 'jp2a', 'iterm2',
'off', 'sixel', 'tycat', 'w3m', 'kitty'
--source source Which image or ascii file to use.
Possible values: 'auto', 'ascii', 'wallpaper', '/path/to/img',
'/path/to/ascii', '/path/to/dir/', 'command output' [ascii]
--ascii source Shortcut to use 'ascii' backend.
NEW: neofetch --ascii "$(fortune | cowsay -W 30)"
--caca source Shortcut to use 'caca' backend.
--chafa source Shortcut to use 'chafa' backend.
--iterm2 source Shortcut to use 'iterm2' backend.
--jp2a source Shortcut to use 'jp2a' backend.
--kitty source Shortcut to use 'kitty' backend.
--pixterm source Shortcut to use 'pixterm' backend.
--sixel source Shortcut to use 'sixel' backend.
--termpix source Shortcut to use 'termpix' backend.
--tycat source Shortcut to use 'tycat' backend.
--w3m source Shortcut to use 'w3m' backend.
--off Shortcut to use 'off' backend (Disable ascii art).
NOTE: 'source; can be any of the following: 'auto', 'ascii', 'wallpaper', '/path/to/img',
'/path/to/ascii', '/path/to/dir/'
ASCII:
--ascii_colors x x x x x x Colors to print the ascii art
--ascii_distro distro Which Distro's ascii art to print
NOTE: AIX, Alpine, Anarchy, Android, Antergos, antiX, AOSC,
Apricity, ArcoLinux, ArchBox, ARCHlabs, ArchStrike,
XFerience, ArchMerge, Arch, Artix, Arya, Bedrock, Bitrig,
BlackArch, BLAG, BlankOn, BlueLight, bonsai, BSD,
BunsenLabs, Calculate, Carbs, CentOS, Chakra, ChaletOS,
Chapeau, Chrom, Cleanjaro, ClearOS, Clear_Linux, Clover,
Condres, Container_Linux, CRUX, Cucumber, Debian, Deepin,
DesaOS, Devuan, DracOS, DragonFly, Drauger, Elementary,
EndeavourOS, Endless, EuroLinux, Exherbo, Fedora, Feren, FreeBSD,
FreeMiNT, Frugalware, Funtoo, GalliumOS, Gentoo, Pentoo,
gNewSense, GNU, GoboLinux, Grombyang, Guix, Haiku, Huayra,
Hyperbola, janus, Kali, KaOS, KDE_neon, Kibojoe, Kogaion,
Korora, KSLinux, Kubuntu, LEDE, LFS, Linux_Lite,
LMDE, Lubuntu, Lunar, macos, Mageia, MagpieOS, Mandriva,
Manjaro, Maui, Mer, Minix, LinuxMint, MX_Linux, Namib,
Neptune, NetBSD, Netrunner, Nitrux, NixOS, Nurunner,
NuTyX, OBRevenge, OpenBSD, OpenIndiana, OpenMandriva,
OpenWrt, osmc, Oracle, PacBSD, Parabola, Pardus, Parrot,
Parsix, TrueOS, PCLinuxOS, Peppermint, popos, Porteus,
PostMarketOS, Proxmox, Puppy, PureOS, Qubes, Radix, Raspbian,
Reborn_OS, Redstar, Redcore, Redhat, Refracted_Devuan, Regata,
Rosa, sabotage, Sabayon, Sailfish, SalentOS, Scientific, Septor,
SharkLinux, Siduction, Slackware, SliTaz, SmartOS, Solus,
Source_Mage, Sparky, Star, SteamOS, SunOS, openSUSE_Leap,
openSUSE_Tumbleweed, openSUSE, SwagArch, Tails, Trisquel,
Ubuntu-Budgie, Ubuntu-GNOME, Ubuntu-MATE, Ubuntu-Studio, Ubuntu,
Void, Obarun, windows10, Windows7, Xubuntu, Zorin, and IRIX
have ascii logos
NOTE: Arch, Ubuntu, Redhat, and Dragonfly have 'old' logo variants.
NOTE: Use '{distro name}_old' to use the old logos.
NOTE: Ubuntu has flavor variants.
NOTE: Change this to Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Ubuntu-GNOME,
Ubuntu-Studio, Ubuntu-Mate or Ubuntu-Budgie to use the flavors.
NOTE: Arcolinux, Dragonfly, Fedora, Alpine, Arch, Ubuntu,
CRUX, Debian, Gentoo, FreeBSD, Mac, NixOS, OpenBSD, android,
Antrix, CentOS, Cleanjaro, ElementaryOS, GUIX, Hyperbola,
Manjaro, MXLinux, NetBSD, Parabola, POP_OS, PureOS,
Slackware, SunOS, LinuxLite, OpenSUSE, Raspbian,
postmarketOS, and Void have a smaller logo variant.
NOTE: Use '{distro name}_small' to use the small variants.
--ascii_bold on/off Whether or not to bold the ascii logo.
-L, --logo Hide the info text and only show the ascii logo.
IMAGE:
--loop Redraw the image constantly until Ctrl+C is used. This fixes issues
in some terminals emulators when using image mode.
--size 00px | --size 00% How to size the image.
Possible values: auto, 00px, 00%, none
--crop_mode mode Which crop mode to use
Takes the values: normal, fit, fill
--crop_offset value Change the crop offset for normal mode.
Possible values: northwest, north, northeast,
west, center, east, southwest, south, southeast
--xoffset px How close the image will be to the left edge of the
window. This only works with w3m.
--yoffset px How close the image will be to the top edge of the
window. This only works with w3m.
--bg_color color Background color to display behind transparent image.
This only works with w3m.
--gap num Gap between image and text.
NOTE: --gap can take a negative value which will move the text
closer to the left side.
--clean Delete cached files and thumbnails.
OTHER:
--config /path/to/config Specify a path to a custom config file
--config none Launch the script without a config file
--no_config Don't create the user config file.
--print_config Print the default config file to stdout.
--stdout Turn off all colors and disables any ASCII/image backend.
--help Print this text and exit
--version Show neofetch version
-v Display error messages.
-vv Display a verbose log for error reporting.
DEVELOPER:
--gen-man Generate a manpage for Neofetch in your PWD. (Requires GNU help2man)
Report bugs to https://github.com/dylanaraps/neofetch/issues
$ jp2a --version
jp2a 1.0.9
Copyright 2006-2016 Christian Stigen Larsen
and 2020 Christoph Raitzig
Distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) v2.
ดู help
$ jp2a --help
jp2a 1.0.9
Copyright 2006-2016 Christian Stigen Larsen
and 2020 Christoph Raitzig
Distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) v2.
Usage: jp2a [ options ] [ file(s) | URL(s) ]
Convert files or URLs from JPEG format to ASCII.
OPTIONS
- Read images from standard input.
--blue=N.N Set RGB to grayscale conversion weight, default is 0.1145
-b, --border Print a border around the output image.
--chars=... Select character palette used to paint the image.
Leftmost character corresponds to black pixel, right-
most to white. Minimum two characters must be specified.
--clear Clears screen before drawing each output image.
--colors Use true colors or, if true color is not supported, ANSI
in output.
--color-depth=N Use a specific color-depth for terminal output. Valid
values are: 4 (for ANSI), 8 (for 256 color palette)
and 24 (for truecolor or 24-bit color).
-d, --debug Print additional debug information.
--fill When used with --color and/or --html, color each character's
background color.
-x, --flipx Flip image in X direction.
-y, --flipy Flip image in Y direction.
-f, --term-fit Use the largest image dimension that fits in your terminal
display with correct aspect ratio.
--term-height Use terminal display height.
--term-width Use terminal display width.
-z, --term-zoom Use terminal display dimension for output.
--grayscale Convert image to grayscale when using --html or --colors
--green=N.N Set RGB to grayscale conversion weight, default is 0.5866
--height=N Set output height, calculate width from aspect ratio.
-h, --help Print program help.
--html Produce strict XHTML 1.0 output.
--html-fill Same as --fill (will be phased out)
--html-fontsize=N Set fontsize to N pt, default is 4.
--html-no-bold Do not use bold characters with HTML output
--html-raw Output raw HTML codes, i.e. without the <head> section etc.
--html-title=... Set HTML output title
-i, --invert Invert output image. Use if your display has a dark
background.
--background=dark These are just mnemonics whether to use --invert
--background=light or not. If your console has light characters on
a dark background, use --background=dark.
--output=... Write output to file.
--red=N.N Set RGB to grayscale conversion weight, default 0.2989f.
--size=WxH Set output width and height.
-v, --verbose Verbose output.
-V, --version Print program version.
--width=N Set output width, calculate height from ratio.
The default mode is `jp2a --term-fit --background=dark'.
See the man-page for jp2a for more detailed help text.
Project homepage on https://github.com/Talinx/jp2a
Report bugs to <chris-r@posteo.net>
whoami prints the user name associated with the current effective user ID. It is equivalent to the command ‘id -un’.
The only options are –help and –version. See Common options.
An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value indicates failure.
ตัวอย่างคำสั่ง
$ whoami
jack
$ sudo whoami
root
คำสั่ง whoami มี options แค่ --help และ --version
$ whoami --help
Usage: whoami [OPTION]...
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Full documentation at: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/whoami>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) whoami invocation'
$ whoami --version
whoami (GNU coreutils) 8.30
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Richard Mlynarik.
# yum install tree #RHEL/CentOS 7
# dnf install tree #Fedora 22+ and /RHEL/CentOS 8
$ sudo apt install tree #Ubuntu/Debian
# sudo zypper in tree #openSUSE
ดูเวอร์ชันที่ติดตั้ง
# tree --version
tree v1.6.0 (c) 1996 - 2011 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Kyosuke Tokoro
$ tree --version
tree v1.7.0 (c) 1996 - 2014 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro
$ tree --version
tree v1.8.0 (c) 1996 - 2018 by Steve Baker, Thomas Moore, Francesc Rocher, Florian Sesser, Kyosuke Tokoro
ดู help
$ tree --help
usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ]
[-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version]
[--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst]
[--charset charset] [--filelimit[=]#] [--si] [--timefmt[=]<f>]
[--sort[=]<name>] [--matchdirs] [--ignore-case] [--fromfile] [--]
[<directory list>]
------- Listing options -------
-a All files are listed.
-d List directories only.
-l Follow symbolic links like directories.
-f Print the full path prefix for each file.
-x Stay on current filesystem only.
-L level Descend only level directories deep.
-R Rerun tree when max dir level reached.
-P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given.
-I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern.
--ignore-case Ignore case when pattern matching.
--matchdirs Include directory names in -P pattern matching.
--noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.
--charset X Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output.
--filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
--timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>.
-o filename Output to file instead of stdout.
------- File options -------
-q Print non-printable characters as '?'.
-N Print non-printable characters as is.
-Q Quote filenames with double quotes.
-p Print the protections for each file.
-u Displays file owner or UID number.
-g Displays file group owner or GID number.
-s Print the size in bytes of each file.
-h Print the size in a more human readable way.
--si Like -h, but use in SI units (powers of 1000).
-D Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change.
-F Appends '/', '=', '*', '@', '|' or '>' as per ls -F.
--inodes Print inode number of each file.
--device Print device ID number to which each file belongs.
------- Sorting options -------
-v Sort files alphanumerically by version.
-t Sort files by last modification time.
-c Sort files by last status change time.
-U Leave files unsorted.
-r Reverse the order of the sort.
--dirsfirst List directories before files (-U disables).
--sort X Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime.
------- Graphics options -------
-i Don't print indentation lines.
-A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.
-S Print with CP437 (console) graphics indentation lines.
-n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides).
-C Turn colorization on always.
------- XML/HTML/JSON options -------
-X Prints out an XML representation of the tree.
-J Prints out an JSON representation of the tree.
-H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory.
-T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string.
--nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.
------- Input options -------
--fromfile Reads paths from files (.=stdin)
------- Miscellaneous options -------
--version Print version and exit.
--help Print usage and this help message and exit.
-- Options processing terminator.
การใช้งาน
การใช้งาน tree แสดง file และ directory
$ tree
.
├── Desktop
├── Documents
├── Downloads
├── Music
├── Pictures
├── Public
├── Templates
└── Videos
8 directories, 0 files
To list the directory contents with the full path prefix for each sub-directory and file
$ tree -f
แสดงเฉพาะ directory (ไม่แสดง file)
$ tree -d
To display only those files that match the wild-card pattern (ใช้ค้นหาไฟล์ได้)
$ tree -P jack*
To prune empty directories from the output
$ tree --prune
To prints the file type and permissions
$ tree -p
แสดง username และ group name
$ tree -pug
.
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Desktop
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Documents
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Downloads
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Music
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Pictures
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Public
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Templates
└── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack ] Videos
8 directories, 0 files
$ tree -pugh
.
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Desktop
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Documents
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Downloads
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Music
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Pictures
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Public
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Templates
└── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K] Videos
8 directories, 0 files
To display the date of the last modification time for each sub-directory or file
$ tree -pughD
.
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Desktop
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Documents
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Downloads
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Music
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Pictures
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Public
├── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Templates
└── [drwxr-xr-x jack jack 4.0K Jul 9 10:20] Videos
8 directories, 0 files
To send or redirect the tree’s output to filename for later analysis
